How web languages work?

I know how general purpose languages like C or C++ work. I mean you write a C or C++ source code and you use a compiler to produce an object or directly exe file which contains machine code for cpu to do the work. But I'm wondering how all web languages work like HTML/CSS/Javascript etc.? I mean how they are executed? who executes them? How are they translated? Because you cant compile web languages like HTML with compiler like gcc and run it... Does the browser have some HTML engine that understands the HTML and then translates it to C or what code?