What is a 2019 web development workflow for someone from 2009? [on hold]

In 2009, I was 16, building small websites with php, mysql, html and css, not really knowing what I was doing.

In 2019, I'm using Python for my work, and I want to learn how to create a simple website that allows to manage (view/create/delete/edit/comment/sort/filter) custom data, with a user login system. I get that nowadays we don't reinvent the wheel from scratch, but I am currently overwhelmed by the amount of frameworks, technologies and also by my lack of knowledge to the point that I am frozen and don't know where to start, what to learn.

So, what workflow or stack is recommended to build a website that manages data, like a multi-user task manager basically?

Thanks