What do I need to have a website running on the web?

After a couple hours of searching top lists of free "web servers" and "web frameworks" on google, I realized I'm not sure what I'm looking at.

Let's take a couple of example softwares I have come across :

• IIS
• Apache HTTP server
• Apache Tomcat
• Socket.io
• Node.js
• Django

Questions :

1. Do all these work on the same scope/do the same thing?

2. If not, what is absolutely necessary to have my "helloworld.html" acessible from anywhere with internet? Let's consider I already have a dedicated server and a domain

3. Also if not, how do these work together/compliment eachother?

Each of this software has a different description on their website for what it does, what it is, who should use it, it really gets confusing when you're trying to find what is "fresh", what the cool kids are using