Tech Stack/languages for dynamic front-end web app with database (java background)?

I've been tasked to develop a web application that should serve several users. It's data-rich and will be driven heavily around user profiles (certain user roles could create, edit, update or delete DB data). The program is used for reporting, so certain users will have access to certain data.

I'd like to put everything in a database and have a simple front-end app that allows users to interact. Eventually it will be hosted on a server but for now I'm focused on getting a working prototype going. I'm coming from a Java background and have little web experience but am familiar with HTML/JS. Ideally I'd like to build out the application in Java and just use a reactive front-end language (JS/AngularJS?) to display data/let the user interact. My current issue is the learning curve that comes with these language.

So my question is what would be the most simple/efficient software architecture for this type of application? Are there frameworks that serve something similar which I could tailor to my needs?

Thanks in advance!